I Loved At The Library - 854 Words

As a child my three favorite books that I can remember were: The Giving Tree, Charlotte s Web, and The Black Stallion. I could read those books time and time again, and yet they would never get old. Growing up reading was always encouraged especially in elementary. I loved going to the library, the feeling of excitement ran through my tiny body to see what new book I would pick out. Not only did I enjoy reading but I enjoyed the daily journal writings. We either had a specific topic or situation and we had have to elaborate on how we would approach such situation or we would just write about whatever we wanted. Fourth grade a joined a UIL section named â€Å"Reading†. The instructor would give you a poem to read and you would read it with expression. Literacy was a big deal elementary through middle school. There was huge emphasis on strategy to ensure that everyone was able to pass the TAKS tests. Although from elementary to middle school the importance of going to the librar y and checking out a book to read became less important. In middle school literacy revolved around learning strategies. So my interest for books decreased. In high school however summer reading became a part of my summers. I read two books my whole four years of high school The Life of Pi and Tortilla Flat. The other books just didn’t catch my interest or I just didn’t have time to read them. Honestly reading makes me sleepy now. The only reading I do now is just mainly school based. I really enjoy readingShow MoreRelatedWhy I Hear The Word Library895 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents studying. This is what I think of when I hear the word library. I have been going to libraries since I was a kid with my parents, babysitters, and eventually by myself. In elementary school, I used the public library less often because it was more convenient to use the school’s library. The older I get, the less I go into libraries for their main reason, books. In high school, I used the library to get books that were required to read. Now, I go to the library for a quiet space to study andRead MoreThe Library For Books And Reading Were Prevalent805 Words   |  4 PagesAfter multiple visits to the library to observe and interview, underlying themes of love for books and reading were prevalent. When interviewing my librarian informant many times she said she loved to read and loved books. The job of a librarian suited her perfectly. While on tour with her, I notice the care other employees took while handling books as well, they would sort them gently and with gloved hands re-shelve them carefully as if handling a glass vase. When asked what they did after hoursRead MoreFDR: The Greatest President Essay example1174 Words   |  5 Pageshealing. According to Roosevelt’s biography from the FDR Presidential Library and Museum, â€Å"Another Flurry of New Deal Legislation followed in 1935, including the WPA (Work Projects Administration), which provide d jobs for not only laborers but also for writers, artists, musicians, etc†¦ the Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program for elderly people and survivors benefits† (FDR Presidential Library and Museum 2).The WPA was a brilliant program that provided many jobsRead MoreFdr-the Greatest President1203 Words   |  5 Pageshealing. According to Roosevelt’s biography from the FDR Presidential Library and Museum, â€Å"Another Flurry of New Deal Legislation followed in 1935, including the WPA (Work Projects Administration), which provided jobs for not only laborers but also for writers, artists, musicians, etc†¦ the Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program for elderly people and survivors benefits† (FDR Presidential Library and Museum 2).The WPA was a brilliant program that provided many jobsRead MorePersonal Statement : The Revolutionary War And My Cat Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages Major Ever since I was a young child, I have always had a fascination with learning. I soaked up every outlet of information I could possibly find, whether that be watching educational television, browsing the internet, or checking out the maximum number of books the public and school libraries would allow each week. Science, history, world culture, literature - I absorbed it all. I love finding the facts in every nook and cranny of the world. Almost more than learning, I loved sharing the informationRead MoreEssay on My House885 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood. I feel the tension leave, and I swim away to the days when I was a happy little girl without any problems or worries. Miraculously, the memories come alive for me. I can feel and see things that I saw when I was younger. As a little girl, I had few favorite places where I felt safe and happy. Although I’m not a child any more, I like to go back in my mind to those places where life was always colorful and joyful and when every single day was so eventful for me. I can see thisRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Red And Black House777 Words   |  4 Pageseverything before him. He also loved to have guest over because he was a people person, which of course was made easier by the open concept.† The Realtor walks from the open expanse of the foyer to the family room. Three white couches with randomly colored throwovers compliment the beautiful floor beneath you. There is a small painting of his family in a meadow above the mantle. â€Å"He will be taking that painting. He valued his family over everything. And his community. He loved volunteering at the elementaryRead MoreLove, Loss, And Betrayal Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesBetrayal I can feel myself slipping, falling into the dark abyss. My mind whirls as I listen to a cacophony of noise rush around me. Then I feel the frigid water envelope me and it stings like knives burrowing their way into my skin, piercing every inch of me. I try to breath but the water clogs my throat and threatens to drown me. Then it all stops and I feel the sunlight filter through the icy water and brush my fingertips. As if it is telling me that I will be alright. This is what I felt likeRead MoreLove, Loss, And Betrayal Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand Betrayal I can feel myself slipping, falling into the dark abyss. My mind whirls as I listen to a cacophony of noise around me. Then I feel the frigid water envelope me and it stings like knives burrowing their way into my skin, piercing every inch of me. I try to breath, but the water clogs my throat and threatens to drown me. Then it all stops and I feel the sunlight filter through the icy water and brush my fingertips, as if it is telling me that I will be alright. This is what I felt like whenRead More Comparing the Impact of Colonization in A Small Place, A Passage to India, and Robinson Crusoe1102 Words   |  5 Pagesand post-colonization, the physical environment of each colony was changed. Using references to A Small Place, A Passage to India, and Robinson Crusoe, I will provide examples of the physical changes to the colonized societies made by England and discuss the reactions of the colonized people. Jamaica Kincade is quoted as saying The English loved England so much they built it everywhere they went.   Kincaid writes about the feelings of the colonized society in A Small Place. While she expresses

SOCIAL PHOBIA Free Essays

Social Phobia Free Essays Social Anxiety Disorder: Social Phobia The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines social anxiety disorder as a marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur (DSM). Exposure to these situations provokes an immediate anxiety response such as a panic attack (DSM). In order to be diagnosed, fear or avoidance of these situations must interfere significantly with the person’s normal routines, occupational or academic functioning, social activities or relationships, or a person must experience marked distress about having the phobia (DSM). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Phobia or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 400 B. C. , Hippocrates described a young man that displayed the symptoms of a social anxiety disorder. â€Å"He dare not come in company for fear he should be misused, disgraced, overshoot himself in gesture or speeches, or be sick; he thinks every man observes him† (Burton 2009). Throughout the 20th century, psychiatrists described extremely shy patients as having social phobia and social neurosis. British psychiatrists Isaac Marks and Michael Gelder proposed that social phobias be considered a distinct category separate from other simple phobias (Hope, Heimberg, Juster, Turk 2005). In 1980, the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders introduced social phobia as an official psychiatric diagnosis. Social phobia was described as a fear of performance situations, but did not include fears of informal situations such as casual conversations or social situations. Patients with broad fears were likely to be diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder, which could not be diagnosed in conjunction with social phobia (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1985, psychiatrist Michael Liebowitz and psychologist Richard Heimberg initiated a call to action for research on social phobia (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). Due to the lack of research on social anxiety disorder, the disorder came to be known by many as the â€Å"neglected anxiety disorder† (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1987, the DSM-III-R introduces changes in some of the diagnostic criteria. To diagnosis social anxiety disorder the symptoms must cause â€Å"interference or marked distress† rather than simply â€Å"significant distress. † It also became possible to diagnose social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in the same patient (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1994, the DSM-IV was released, and the disorder was defined as a â€Å"marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others† (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). The etiology of social anxiety disorder is largely attributed to genetics, and environmental factors. Family studies of individuals with social anxiety disorder show a higher incidence of the disorder than that found in the general population, and a twin study found a concordance rate of 15. % in dizygotes and a 24. 4% concordance in monozygotes (Kedler, Neale, Kessler, Heath Eaves 1992. ). Of course, there is very little evidence that the genetic factors attributed to social anxiety disorder extend beyond the link between environmental factors since there is very little evidence of neurobiological factors. Other than the fact that sele ctive serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective treatments for social anxiety disorder, there is little evidence to implicate dysfunction of the serotonergic system (Jefferson 2001. . The lack of empirical data identifying neurobiological factors in causing the onset of social anxiety disorder is best stated in a quote by Dr. Murray B. Stein, a Professor of Psychiatry and Family Preventive Medicine at the University of California San Diego, â€Å"It is clear that we have a long way to go before we can speak with authority about the ‘neurobiology of social phobia’† (Stein 1998. ) Therefore, environmental factors remain the most referred to etiological agent in the onset of social anxiety disorder. Parenting traits such as over control, lack of warmth or rejection, and overprotection are known to be associated with the etiology of social anxiety disorder (Brooks, Schmidt 2008). Some individuals with social anxiety disorder associate its onset with a specific social event or interaction that was particularly embarrassing or humiliating. Such a circumstance could be considered an adverse conditioning stimulus (Jefferson 2001). There is further evidence that poor results from quality of life assessments can be attributed to social anxiety disorder. Individuals with major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder have substantially poorer quality of life than community comparison cohorts. In many cases, the quality-of-life impairments associated with these anxiety disorders are equal to or greater than those seen with other chronic medical disorders (Rapaport, Clary, Fayyad, Endicott 2005). Social anxiety disorder is a common disorder. The lifetime prevalence of SAD is somewhere between 7% and 13% in Western countries (Furmark 2002). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that social anxiety disorder is the most widespread of all the anxiety disorders, and the third most common psychiatric disorder after major depression and alcohol abuse (Brooks, Schmidt 2008). Therapy and medication are the most common treatments for social anxiety disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most utilized form of psychotherapy, and has been found to be successful in seventy-five percent of patients (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). This type of therapy focuses on reminding the patient that it is their own thoughts, not other people or situations, that determine how they behave or react (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). In therapy, the patient is taught how to recognize and change the negative thoughts they have about themselves (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Exposure therapy is also a common form of treatment for social anxiety disorder. In this type of therapy, the patient is gradually exposed to situations that they fear most (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Exposure therapy enables the patient to learn coping techniques, and develop the courage to face them (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). The patient is also exposed to role-playing with emphasis on developing the skills to cope with different social situations in a â€Å"safe† environment (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). There are several medications used to treat social anxiety disorder. These medications are typically serotonin reuptake inhibitors including Paxil, Zoloft, and Prozac (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). A serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug such as Venlafaxine may also be used as a first-line therapy for social anxiety disorder (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Typically, the patient begins with a low dosage, and is gradually increased to a full dosage, to minimize side effects (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). It may take up to three months of treatment before the patient begins to have noticeable improvement of symptoms (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Social anxiety disorder remains a largely misunderstood, and under researched, disorder. Momentum through increased clinical research, in depth understanding through treatment, and stricter guidelines for proper diagnosis are positive indications that Psychology has recognized the debilitating effects of social anxiety disorder on patients. In time, clinicians will be better prepared to treat patients suffering from this disorder, and will improve the lives of patients. References Brooks, C. A. , Schmidt, L. A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatr Disease and Treatment, 4(1), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. ih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515922/ Burton, Robert. (2009). The Anatomy of melancholy. Charlottesville, VA: The University of Virginia. Furmark T. (2002). Social phobia: overview of community surveys, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/11939957 Hope, Debra, Heimberg, Richard, Juster, Harlan, Turk, Cynthia. (2005). Managing social anxiety. New York, NY: Oxfor d Univ Pr. Jefferson, J. W. (2001). Physicians postgraduate press, inc.. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), Retrieved from http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC181152/ Kedler, K. S. , Neale, M. C. , Kessler, R. C. , Heath, A. C. , and Eaves, L. J. (1992) The genetic epidemiology of phobias in women: the interrelationship of agoraphobia, social phobia, situational phobia, and simple phobia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. Rapaport, M. H. , Clary, C, Fayyad, R, Endicott, J. (2005). Quality-of-life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/9861470 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). (2009). Mayoclinic. com. Retrieved (2010, April 25), Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/social-anxiety-disorder/DS00595/DSECTION=treatments%2Dand%2Ddrugs Stein, M. B. (1998). Neurobiological perspectives on social phobia: from affiliation to zoology. Biological Psychiatry, 44(12), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/9861470 Weiner, Irving, Freedheim, Donald, Freedheim, Donald, Reynolds, William, Miller, Gloria, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy. (2003). Handbook of psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. How to cite Social Phobia, Papers

Consumer purchase decision free essay sample

Influences such as cultural, social, psychological, and individual are factors that determine consumer purchase decision. Marketing managers should understand how consumers make purchasing decisions because it is a big help when deciding a marketing plan. Marketers can easily collect information about how consumers make decisions through technology. Knowing how products or services can impact is very important to consumers. Marketers must have effective advertising skills to grab consumers attention. â€Å"Consumers preferences are constantly changing†(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) and this is why it is important to fully understand the needs and wants of consumers. The consumer purchase decision is a series of stages a consumer goes through before considering purchasing a product. â€Å"Need recognition occurs when consumers are faced with an imbalance between actual and desired states that arouses and activates the consumer decision-making process. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) In the restaurant business, it is more of a want than a need for consumers therefore marketing managers must advertise and promote their product to the best of their abilities so that the consumer would really want to purchase their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer purchase decision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"After Recognizing a need or want, consumers search for information about the various alternatives available to satisfy it. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) When it comes to restaurants you would mostly go by word of mouth about how the food products may taste, the quality, quantity and price of products. Consumers also may remember previous encounters with these products. For example, a friend came by your house to visit and brought food from a specific restaurant and by thinking about what you want to eat the thought about the food being good from that restaurant came to mind. Consumers will also consider other restaurants because of deals, quality, price or location. If a consumer feels that a restaurant that is further away from them has better quality than a restaurant that might be closer and more convenient, they may choose to go to the restaurant that is further away to ensure they get the best quality product. After purchasing a product, the consumer makes a decision on whether that product was worth purchasing, was the quality of the product expected, and was the price worth paying for that product and those factors will determine if a consumer will purchase products from that restaurant organization again. Many consumers may not realize this but, â€Å"what they eat, how they dress, what they think and feel, and what language they speak are all dimensions of culture. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) is a major part of their culture You are introduced to a culture by the environment you are raised in. Marketers must understand how culture influences purchase decisions. A restaurant manager may want to open a restaurant in a small town that has a completely different foods from what the people of that small town eat. Some people may go and purchase from that restaurant and many others just will not eat from that restaurant because it is not what they are used to. To make it easier â€Å"consumers seek out opinions of others to reduce their search and evaluation effort or uncertainty, especially as the perceived risk of the decision increases. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013)Word of mouth is one of the easiest ways to find out if a restaurants products is good or not. Some consumers like to research the restaurant online to read reviews about the restaurant or to review menu and prices before they make the decision to go there. Consumers also consider availability of restaurants, because if a restaurant does not have the specific availability that the consumer is looking for, they will consider a different restaurant. Some restaurants are seasonal because of certain products they sell that are difficult to get at a specific time of year and also because of the estimated size of a market for different seasons. This influences consumers decisions because some consumers may find restaurants that have the same products year round and decide to continue purchasing from there instead of only purchasing seasonal from that other restaurant. Some consumers may enjoy a restaurants product more than another but because the other restaurant may be cheaper than the restaurant with the better product, the consumer may settle for less. As some restaurants have websites about services and products, some may not. This may cause consumers to take different steps towards their purchase decision. The information research for a restaurant with no website can be a bit more difficult than a restaurant with a website because the consumers will now have to go by only word or trying the products for their self, whereas with the online site they could have read reviews and get rating on that restaurant. When evaluating different restaurants, consumers may look for restaurants with customers reviews and ratings and online menus and prices. Consumers will still make their decision by the restaurant that is more popular. For restaurant organizations, market segmentation is very important because different people have different wants or needs. Restaurants have to provide for specific markets with different cultures, races, genders, and ages. Sizing up your market is also very important so that you will be aware of the amount of consumers that will be purchasing products. Restaurants need to evaluate the areas that they will be in so that they can know what kind of food to sell. For instance, a restaurant around a high school, a skating rink, and shopping center, would more so sell quick meals such as burgers, sandwiches, fries, hot dog, etc. because they are more catering to a younger age group. A restaurant that is located more around a business plaza would be catering to an older age group and would sell cuisines rather than quick food. When targeting a market for restaurants, culture is one of the major considerations that has to be made. A restaurant cannot expect a different cultures food to interest a culture that already has their own culture. Within these cultures, there are people with different ethnicity that has different cultures. Paying attention to the environment a restaurant is going to be in is important so that marketers can provide appropriate products/services. You can target a younger generation by using social media. By understanding all of the consumers purchasing decisions, marketers will have an easier time deciding how to target a market and what product or service is right. Culture will definitely help a marketer decide how to take appropriate actions to satisfy their consumers need or wants. Recently, it has been much efficient for marketers to gather information through social media and different internet sources. As long as marketers keep up to date with consumers changing needs, they would always have a smoother time deciding their next product. Paying close attention to the different target marget in an environment is the key to consumer purchase decisions.