I Loved At The Library - 854 Words

As a child my three favorite books that I can remember were: The Giving Tree, Charlotte s Web, and The Black Stallion. I could read those books time and time again, and yet they would never get old. Growing up reading was always encouraged especially in elementary. I loved going to the library, the feeling of excitement ran through my tiny body to see what new book I would pick out. Not only did I enjoy reading but I enjoyed the daily journal writings. We either had a specific topic or situation and we had have to elaborate on how we would approach such situation or we would just write about whatever we wanted. Fourth grade a joined a UIL section named â€Å"Reading†. The instructor would give you a poem to read and you would read it with expression. Literacy was a big deal elementary through middle school. There was huge emphasis on strategy to ensure that everyone was able to pass the TAKS tests. Although from elementary to middle school the importance of going to the librar y and checking out a book to read became less important. In middle school literacy revolved around learning strategies. So my interest for books decreased. In high school however summer reading became a part of my summers. I read two books my whole four years of high school The Life of Pi and Tortilla Flat. The other books just didn’t catch my interest or I just didn’t have time to read them. Honestly reading makes me sleepy now. The only reading I do now is just mainly school based. I really enjoy readingShow MoreRelatedWhy I Hear The Word Library895 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents studying. This is what I think of when I hear the word library. I have been going to libraries since I was a kid with my parents, babysitters, and eventually by myself. In elementary school, I used the public library less often because it was more convenient to use the school’s library. The older I get, the less I go into libraries for their main reason, books. In high school, I used the library to get books that were required to read. Now, I go to the library for a quiet space to study andRead MoreThe Library For Books And Reading Were Prevalent805 Words   |  4 PagesAfter multiple visits to the library to observe and interview, underlying themes of love for books and reading were prevalent. When interviewing my librarian informant many times she said she loved to read and loved books. The job of a librarian suited her perfectly. While on tour with her, I notice the care other employees took while handling books as well, they would sort them gently and with gloved hands re-shelve them carefully as if handling a glass vase. When asked what they did after hoursRead MoreFDR: The Greatest President Essay example1174 Words   |  5 Pageshealing. According to Roosevelt’s biography from the FDR Presidential Library and Museum, â€Å"Another Flurry of New Deal Legislation followed in 1935, including the WPA (Work Projects Administration), which provide d jobs for not only laborers but also for writers, artists, musicians, etc†¦ the Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program for elderly people and survivors benefits† (FDR Presidential Library and Museum 2).The WPA was a brilliant program that provided many jobsRead MoreFdr-the Greatest President1203 Words   |  5 Pageshealing. According to Roosevelt’s biography from the FDR Presidential Library and Museum, â€Å"Another Flurry of New Deal Legislation followed in 1935, including the WPA (Work Projects Administration), which provided jobs for not only laborers but also for writers, artists, musicians, etc†¦ the Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program for elderly people and survivors benefits† (FDR Presidential Library and Museum 2).The WPA was a brilliant program that provided many jobsRead MorePersonal Statement : The Revolutionary War And My Cat Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages Major Ever since I was a young child, I have always had a fascination with learning. I soaked up every outlet of information I could possibly find, whether that be watching educational television, browsing the internet, or checking out the maximum number of books the public and school libraries would allow each week. Science, history, world culture, literature - I absorbed it all. I love finding the facts in every nook and cranny of the world. Almost more than learning, I loved sharing the informationRead MoreEssay on My House885 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood. I feel the tension leave, and I swim away to the days when I was a happy little girl without any problems or worries. Miraculously, the memories come alive for me. I can feel and see things that I saw when I was younger. As a little girl, I had few favorite places where I felt safe and happy. Although I’m not a child any more, I like to go back in my mind to those places where life was always colorful and joyful and when every single day was so eventful for me. I can see thisRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Red And Black House777 Words   |  4 Pageseverything before him. He also loved to have guest over because he was a people person, which of course was made easier by the open concept.† The Realtor walks from the open expanse of the foyer to the family room. Three white couches with randomly colored throwovers compliment the beautiful floor beneath you. There is a small painting of his family in a meadow above the mantle. â€Å"He will be taking that painting. He valued his family over everything. And his community. He loved volunteering at the elementaryRead MoreLove, Loss, And Betrayal Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesBetrayal I can feel myself slipping, falling into the dark abyss. My mind whirls as I listen to a cacophony of noise rush around me. Then I feel the frigid water envelope me and it stings like knives burrowing their way into my skin, piercing every inch of me. I try to breath but the water clogs my throat and threatens to drown me. Then it all stops and I feel the sunlight filter through the icy water and brush my fingertips. As if it is telling me that I will be alright. This is what I felt likeRead MoreLove, Loss, And Betrayal Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand Betrayal I can feel myself slipping, falling into the dark abyss. My mind whirls as I listen to a cacophony of noise around me. Then I feel the frigid water envelope me and it stings like knives burrowing their way into my skin, piercing every inch of me. I try to breath, but the water clogs my throat and threatens to drown me. Then it all stops and I feel the sunlight filter through the icy water and brush my fingertips, as if it is telling me that I will be alright. This is what I felt like whenRead More Comparing the Impact of Colonization in A Small Place, A Passage to India, and Robinson Crusoe1102 Words   |  5 Pagesand post-colonization, the physical environment of each colony was changed. Using references to A Small Place, A Passage to India, and Robinson Crusoe, I will provide examples of the physical changes to the colonized societies made by England and discuss the reactions of the colonized people. Jamaica Kincade is quoted as saying The English loved England so much they built it everywhere they went.   Kincaid writes about the feelings of the colonized society in A Small Place. While she expresses

SOCIAL PHOBIA Free Essays

Social Phobia Free Essays Social Anxiety Disorder: Social Phobia The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines social anxiety disorder as a marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur (DSM). Exposure to these situations provokes an immediate anxiety response such as a panic attack (DSM). In order to be diagnosed, fear or avoidance of these situations must interfere significantly with the person’s normal routines, occupational or academic functioning, social activities or relationships, or a person must experience marked distress about having the phobia (DSM). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Phobia or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 400 B. C. , Hippocrates described a young man that displayed the symptoms of a social anxiety disorder. â€Å"He dare not come in company for fear he should be misused, disgraced, overshoot himself in gesture or speeches, or be sick; he thinks every man observes him† (Burton 2009). Throughout the 20th century, psychiatrists described extremely shy patients as having social phobia and social neurosis. British psychiatrists Isaac Marks and Michael Gelder proposed that social phobias be considered a distinct category separate from other simple phobias (Hope, Heimberg, Juster, Turk 2005). In 1980, the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders introduced social phobia as an official psychiatric diagnosis. Social phobia was described as a fear of performance situations, but did not include fears of informal situations such as casual conversations or social situations. Patients with broad fears were likely to be diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder, which could not be diagnosed in conjunction with social phobia (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1985, psychiatrist Michael Liebowitz and psychologist Richard Heimberg initiated a call to action for research on social phobia (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). Due to the lack of research on social anxiety disorder, the disorder came to be known by many as the â€Å"neglected anxiety disorder† (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1987, the DSM-III-R introduces changes in some of the diagnostic criteria. To diagnosis social anxiety disorder the symptoms must cause â€Å"interference or marked distress† rather than simply â€Å"significant distress. † It also became possible to diagnose social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in the same patient (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). In 1994, the DSM-IV was released, and the disorder was defined as a â€Å"marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others† (Weiner, Freedheim, Freedheim, Reynolds, Miller, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson, Gallagher, Nelson 2003). The etiology of social anxiety disorder is largely attributed to genetics, and environmental factors. Family studies of individuals with social anxiety disorder show a higher incidence of the disorder than that found in the general population, and a twin study found a concordance rate of 15. % in dizygotes and a 24. 4% concordance in monozygotes (Kedler, Neale, Kessler, Heath Eaves 1992. ). Of course, there is very little evidence that the genetic factors attributed to social anxiety disorder extend beyond the link between environmental factors since there is very little evidence of neurobiological factors. Other than the fact that sele ctive serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective treatments for social anxiety disorder, there is little evidence to implicate dysfunction of the serotonergic system (Jefferson 2001. . The lack of empirical data identifying neurobiological factors in causing the onset of social anxiety disorder is best stated in a quote by Dr. Murray B. Stein, a Professor of Psychiatry and Family Preventive Medicine at the University of California San Diego, â€Å"It is clear that we have a long way to go before we can speak with authority about the ‘neurobiology of social phobia’† (Stein 1998. ) Therefore, environmental factors remain the most referred to etiological agent in the onset of social anxiety disorder. Parenting traits such as over control, lack of warmth or rejection, and overprotection are known to be associated with the etiology of social anxiety disorder (Brooks, Schmidt 2008). Some individuals with social anxiety disorder associate its onset with a specific social event or interaction that was particularly embarrassing or humiliating. Such a circumstance could be considered an adverse conditioning stimulus (Jefferson 2001). There is further evidence that poor results from quality of life assessments can be attributed to social anxiety disorder. Individuals with major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder have substantially poorer quality of life than community comparison cohorts. In many cases, the quality-of-life impairments associated with these anxiety disorders are equal to or greater than those seen with other chronic medical disorders (Rapaport, Clary, Fayyad, Endicott 2005). Social anxiety disorder is a common disorder. The lifetime prevalence of SAD is somewhere between 7% and 13% in Western countries (Furmark 2002). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that social anxiety disorder is the most widespread of all the anxiety disorders, and the third most common psychiatric disorder after major depression and alcohol abuse (Brooks, Schmidt 2008). Therapy and medication are the most common treatments for social anxiety disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most utilized form of psychotherapy, and has been found to be successful in seventy-five percent of patients (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). This type of therapy focuses on reminding the patient that it is their own thoughts, not other people or situations, that determine how they behave or react (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). In therapy, the patient is taught how to recognize and change the negative thoughts they have about themselves (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Exposure therapy is also a common form of treatment for social anxiety disorder. In this type of therapy, the patient is gradually exposed to situations that they fear most (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Exposure therapy enables the patient to learn coping techniques, and develop the courage to face them (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). The patient is also exposed to role-playing with emphasis on developing the skills to cope with different social situations in a â€Å"safe† environment (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). There are several medications used to treat social anxiety disorder. These medications are typically serotonin reuptake inhibitors including Paxil, Zoloft, and Prozac (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). A serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug such as Venlafaxine may also be used as a first-line therapy for social anxiety disorder (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Typically, the patient begins with a low dosage, and is gradually increased to a full dosage, to minimize side effects (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). It may take up to three months of treatment before the patient begins to have noticeable improvement of symptoms (â€Å"Social anxiety disorder,† 2009). Social anxiety disorder remains a largely misunderstood, and under researched, disorder. Momentum through increased clinical research, in depth understanding through treatment, and stricter guidelines for proper diagnosis are positive indications that Psychology has recognized the debilitating effects of social anxiety disorder on patients. In time, clinicians will be better prepared to treat patients suffering from this disorder, and will improve the lives of patients. References Brooks, C. A. , Schmidt, L. A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatr Disease and Treatment, 4(1), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. ih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515922/ Burton, Robert. (2009). The Anatomy of melancholy. Charlottesville, VA: The University of Virginia. Furmark T. (2002). Social phobia: overview of community surveys, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/11939957 Hope, Debra, Heimberg, Richard, Juster, Harlan, Turk, Cynthia. (2005). Managing social anxiety. New York, NY: Oxfor d Univ Pr. Jefferson, J. W. (2001). Physicians postgraduate press, inc.. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), Retrieved from http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC181152/ Kedler, K. S. , Neale, M. C. , Kessler, R. C. , Heath, A. C. , and Eaves, L. J. (1992) The genetic epidemiology of phobias in women: the interrelationship of agoraphobia, social phobia, situational phobia, and simple phobia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. Rapaport, M. H. , Clary, C, Fayyad, R, Endicott, J. (2005). Quality-of-life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/9861470 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). (2009). Mayoclinic. com. Retrieved (2010, April 25), Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/social-anxiety-disorder/DS00595/DSECTION=treatments%2Dand%2Ddrugs Stein, M. B. (1998). Neurobiological perspectives on social phobia: from affiliation to zoology. Biological Psychiatry, 44(12), Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/9861470 Weiner, Irving, Freedheim, Donald, Freedheim, Donald, Reynolds, William, Miller, Gloria, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy, Gallagher, Michela, Nelson, Randy. (2003). Handbook of psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. How to cite Social Phobia, Papers

Consumer purchase decision free essay sample

Influences such as cultural, social, psychological, and individual are factors that determine consumer purchase decision. Marketing managers should understand how consumers make purchasing decisions because it is a big help when deciding a marketing plan. Marketers can easily collect information about how consumers make decisions through technology. Knowing how products or services can impact is very important to consumers. Marketers must have effective advertising skills to grab consumers attention. â€Å"Consumers preferences are constantly changing†(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) and this is why it is important to fully understand the needs and wants of consumers. The consumer purchase decision is a series of stages a consumer goes through before considering purchasing a product. â€Å"Need recognition occurs when consumers are faced with an imbalance between actual and desired states that arouses and activates the consumer decision-making process. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) In the restaurant business, it is more of a want than a need for consumers therefore marketing managers must advertise and promote their product to the best of their abilities so that the consumer would really want to purchase their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer purchase decision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"After Recognizing a need or want, consumers search for information about the various alternatives available to satisfy it. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013) When it comes to restaurants you would mostly go by word of mouth about how the food products may taste, the quality, quantity and price of products. Consumers also may remember previous encounters with these products. For example, a friend came by your house to visit and brought food from a specific restaurant and by thinking about what you want to eat the thought about the food being good from that restaurant came to mind. Consumers will also consider other restaurants because of deals, quality, price or location. If a consumer feels that a restaurant that is further away from them has better quality than a restaurant that might be closer and more convenient, they may choose to go to the restaurant that is further away to ensure they get the best quality product. After purchasing a product, the consumer makes a decision on whether that product was worth purchasing, was the quality of the product expected, and was the price worth paying for that product and those factors will determine if a consumer will purchase products from that restaurant organization again. Many consumers may not realize this but, â€Å"what they eat, how they dress, what they think and feel, and what language they speak are all dimensions of culture. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) is a major part of their culture You are introduced to a culture by the environment you are raised in. Marketers must understand how culture influences purchase decisions. A restaurant manager may want to open a restaurant in a small town that has a completely different foods from what the people of that small town eat. Some people may go and purchase from that restaurant and many others just will not eat from that restaurant because it is not what they are used to. To make it easier â€Å"consumers seek out opinions of others to reduce their search and evaluation effort or uncertainty, especially as the perceived risk of the decision increases. †(Lamb, Hair, McDaniel 2013)Word of mouth is one of the easiest ways to find out if a restaurants products is good or not. Some consumers like to research the restaurant online to read reviews about the restaurant or to review menu and prices before they make the decision to go there. Consumers also consider availability of restaurants, because if a restaurant does not have the specific availability that the consumer is looking for, they will consider a different restaurant. Some restaurants are seasonal because of certain products they sell that are difficult to get at a specific time of year and also because of the estimated size of a market for different seasons. This influences consumers decisions because some consumers may find restaurants that have the same products year round and decide to continue purchasing from there instead of only purchasing seasonal from that other restaurant. Some consumers may enjoy a restaurants product more than another but because the other restaurant may be cheaper than the restaurant with the better product, the consumer may settle for less. As some restaurants have websites about services and products, some may not. This may cause consumers to take different steps towards their purchase decision. The information research for a restaurant with no website can be a bit more difficult than a restaurant with a website because the consumers will now have to go by only word or trying the products for their self, whereas with the online site they could have read reviews and get rating on that restaurant. When evaluating different restaurants, consumers may look for restaurants with customers reviews and ratings and online menus and prices. Consumers will still make their decision by the restaurant that is more popular. For restaurant organizations, market segmentation is very important because different people have different wants or needs. Restaurants have to provide for specific markets with different cultures, races, genders, and ages. Sizing up your market is also very important so that you will be aware of the amount of consumers that will be purchasing products. Restaurants need to evaluate the areas that they will be in so that they can know what kind of food to sell. For instance, a restaurant around a high school, a skating rink, and shopping center, would more so sell quick meals such as burgers, sandwiches, fries, hot dog, etc. because they are more catering to a younger age group. A restaurant that is located more around a business plaza would be catering to an older age group and would sell cuisines rather than quick food. When targeting a market for restaurants, culture is one of the major considerations that has to be made. A restaurant cannot expect a different cultures food to interest a culture that already has their own culture. Within these cultures, there are people with different ethnicity that has different cultures. Paying attention to the environment a restaurant is going to be in is important so that marketers can provide appropriate products/services. You can target a younger generation by using social media. By understanding all of the consumers purchasing decisions, marketers will have an easier time deciding how to target a market and what product or service is right. Culture will definitely help a marketer decide how to take appropriate actions to satisfy their consumers need or wants. Recently, it has been much efficient for marketers to gather information through social media and different internet sources. As long as marketers keep up to date with consumers changing needs, they would always have a smoother time deciding their next product. Paying close attention to the different target marget in an environment is the key to consumer purchase decisions.

Sensory Details Essays - Transport, Land Transport, Economy Of Japan

Sensory Details Original sentence: The car landed awkwardly, causing it to roll. New sentence: The small sedan landed sideways with enough momentum to flip it many times over, completely crushing the cabin and likely everything inside. New paragraph: John was on his daily commute to work in his Ford F-350, listening to classical music, jamming out on the interstate when he noticed something out of the ordinary. A tiny white toyota about 50 meters ahead of him began making very strange movements, swerving from side to side and nearly taking out the car in the adjacent lane. This swerving continued for some time, when suddenly the small sedan slammed into the guardrail soaring high above the median and into the opposing lanes. The car landed sideways with enough momentum to flip it many times over, completely crushing the cabin and likely everything inside. John immediately crossed the grassy area between the opposite lanes of the highway to do whatever he could to help, and as he put his truck in park he jumped out and ran to the scene of the crash, crossing over the highway. As he ran he noticed some movement inside what was left of the toyota. A little girl stumbled out of the car, having miraculously survived the wild crash. "H uh...I don't think she has her license." John thought to himself.

A New Kind of Revolution essays

A New Kind of Revolution essays The British were trying to run a stable colonization. The British Parliament made many acts and taxes for their daughter colonies to bring in revenue from their new territory. However, being thousands of miles away from its daughter country, the colonies became difficult to control and the colonists started to defy the mother country. A New Kind of Revolution, by Carl Degler brings out that more than one single thing started the colonists revolution. This can be seen through the many acts put on the colonists, Britains salutary neglect, and Britishs shortening patience towards the rebelling colonists. With so many acts put on the colonists it became unfair. Many colonists protested that this was wrong because it was taxation with out representation. Other colonists felt that it was right for the mother country to tax them, but they were overusing the tax and that the mother country is using the colonists to satisfy their own pockets. Over the years this repetition of taxing a nd overusing the acts deeply frustrated the colonists. Secondly, Britishs salutary neglect towards the colonists became the colonists first taste of freedom. During the successive wars with Holland and France, Britain tended to neglect the colonies. This gave the colonists a little more freedom and a sense of independence because the British lacked attention towards the colonies. When the British started back at laying a heavier hand on the colonies, the colonies sternly objected. The neglect from the mother country gave the colonists a taste of independence and the colonies got used to that and they wanted more. Finally, with the many rebellious acts of some of the colonists, Britishs patience was running short. From Peter Zenger to the Boston Tea Party, Britains patience was being tested. With all these defying actions, the Parliament would slam down more and more s ...

Colonial Rule in Peru

Colonial Rule in Peru In 1533 Francisco Pizarro, a Spanish conquistador, colonized Peru in order to gain power and westernize the country, changing the dynamics of the land completely. Peru was left decimated, as the Spanish bought diseases with them, killing over 90% of the Inca population. Who Were the Incas? The Incas arrived in 1200 CE, an indigenous group of hunters and gatherers, consisting of Ayllus, a group of families controlled by a Chief, called Curaca. Most Incas did not live in cities as these were used for government purposes, only visiting on business or for religious festivals as they were extremely religious. The Incas economy can be considered prosperous as Peru contained mines producing luxuries like gold and silver and they had one of the most powerful armies at this time, using numerous weapons and recruiting every male capable of military service. The Spanish conquered Peru, with the aim to westernize the country, changing the dynamics of the land completely, similar to the intentions of the other colonial powers during the era of exploration and colonization. In 1527 another Spanish explorer commanding a Spanish ship, saw a raft with 20 Incas on board, was amazed to discover numerous luxuries, including gold and silver. He trained three of the Incas as interpreters as he wished to report his findings, this led to Pizarros expedition in 1529. The Spanish Quest The Spanish were eager to explore, allured by the prospect of a rich country. For some, like Pizarro and his brothers, it enabled them to escape from the impoverished community of Extremadura, in Western Spain. The Spanish additionally wished to gain prestige and power in Europe, previously conquering the Aztec Kingdom, Mexico in 1521 and started to conquer Central America in 1524. During his third expedition to Peru, Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru in 1533 after executing the last Inca Emperor, Atahualpa. He had been aided by a civil war occurring between two Incan brothers, sons of a Sapa Inca. Pizarro was assassinated in 1541 when Almagro was made new Peruvian Governor. On 28th July 1821, Peru became independent from colonial rule, after an Argentinian soldier, called San Martin, conquered the Spanish in Peru. Spanish colonization led to Spanish becoming the main language in Peru. The Spanish altered the countrys demographics and left their mark, for example, the Spanish coat of arms still remains a symbol for Peru after being given it by Spanish King Charles 1 in 1537. At What Price?   The Spanish brought diseases with them, killing numerous Incas including the Inca Emperor. The Incas caught malaria, measles, and smallpox as they had no natural immunity. N. D. Cook (1981) showed Peru encountered a 93% population decrease as a result of Spanish colonization. However, Incas did pass syphilis onto the Spanish in return. The diseases killed vast amounts of the Inca population; more Incas dyed from diseases than on the battlefield. The Spanish also accomplished their aim to spread Catholicism in Peru, with about four-fifths of the population of Peru today as Roman Catholic. Perus education system now includes the whole population, differing from focusing on the ruling class during colonial rule. This benefited Peru greatly, now having a 90% literacy rate, contrasting to the illiterate and poor Incas during Spanish rule, therefore not capable of advancing as a country. Overall, the Spanish succeeded in their aim to change Perus demographics completely. They forced the Catholic religion on Incas, remaining the same today and keeping Spanish as the main language. They killed vast amounts of the Inca population due to diseases from Europe, destroying the Inca population and used racial tension to create a hierarchy system with the Incas at the bottom. The Spanish also influenced Peru greatly as they gave it its name, originating from a misunderstanding of the Indian name of river.

Truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Truth - Essay Example One might wonder what the truth was for Alexander the great when he set out to conquer the world For Socrates when he allowed himself to be taken For Galileo when he faced persecution at the hands of the Church For the Allied Forces during World War 2 For the Nazis at Nuremberg and for the terrorists who flew their planes into the twin towers If there existed no variation in the meaning and perception of truth, the world today would have been a different place-maybe for the better. The idea of truth therefore remains a moot point, for socialists and monarchs for lord and serf and for warrior and philosopher. The pragmatic would dismiss any poetic values attached to or stemming from the idea of truth; they would kill in an instant the spirit of freedom that truth may reverberate and would push away hope with the mere utterance of their dismal but intelligent sounding ideas. Alas, the supercilious don't pause to read the emotions attached to what may be described as truth or the struggle for it. Such a definition of truth seems to have been advanced by Michel Foucault in his essay2, where he most aptly describes a recipe that may be used to concoct truth; a connection is exposed here between truth and power deeming truth to be an earthly entity with nothing more than a dramatized and accepted creation.

Evaluate the career opportunities and challenges for a new Essay

Evaluate the career opportunities and challenges for a new practitioner in the film discipline - Essay Example It should be noted that the film industry have evolved majorly since 1880 and for nearly century and half it has become the main source of entertainment for the society (Rousseau 2012, p.132). The growth in the film industry has also led to the growth in the size; thus, the employment opportunities. The film industry has engulf numerous sectors due to the advancement in the technology and societal expectation thereby providing numerous job opportunities in line with acting, producing, directing, editing, special effect management, designing, and even adaption and translation (Hjort 2013, p.45). Other than acting, film discipline offers development in dram techniques that involves particularly fiction. Fiction is a human performance of theater. It is complex and combines numerous transitional elements to arouse feelings, ideas, as well as unique state of mind to the audients. Despite the career opportunities in filming industry, the industry also poses the numerous challenges; thus, t his easy aims at analyzing numerous career opportunities and challenges in the film profession. Career opportunities that practitioner of the film discipline varies with the interest line or profession that an individual is in interested to pursue. Despite the general introduction to the discipline, the practitioners may opt to specialize at different levels of study mainly in undergraduate or graduate levels. Some of the major career opportunities that filming for the practitioners includes animation, narrative, documentary, production, and screenwriting as well as dancing (Smith & Dean 2009, p.167). The studies of films and its related disciplines involve critical examination of theatre, film, music, dance, performance, and dramaturgy. Moreover, film production also requires the analysis of the performance of actors and film producers. Despite the career line of film studies, the field requires the studies of history of theatre, acting, dramatic theory and criticism,

Jazz Music between World Wars Essay Example for Free

Jazz Music between World Wars Essay The jazz craze in music during the 1920s reflected a general spirit of the times for many commentators like Seldes that this decade became known as the Jazz Age. Following World War I, jazz music certainly captured the popular imagination. The rapid popularity of jazz music led to its equally rapid spread among musicians. No other style up to this time in American popular music so quickly came to dominate popular performance. The American vernacular, which had already made significant inroads into the commercial popular music market, had captured popular tastes at an unprecedented level, seemingly sweeping aside the old â€Å"standards. † And just as ragtime and syncopated dance music became part of earlier commercial popular music, the dominance of jazz in the 1920s also represented a major triumph of the black vernacular in American popular music. The jazz craze began through the influence of non-professional musicians. While still marginal to most legitimate venues, non-professional musicians performing the jazz vernacular were attracting audiences to clubs, theaters, restaurants, and were popular in the speakeasies of the 1920s. They also had opportunities for their music to reach a broader audience in a booming record market following World War I. Professional musicians, however, quickly adopted jazz music in their orchestras and smaller bands. They co-opted the jazz fever while simultaneously distancing themselves from non-professionals. (Charters, 39-43) By occupying the most lucrative jobs in theaters, dance halls, hotels, and other venues, professional musicians positioned themselves as the premier interpreters of this new vernacular idiom in commercial popular music. The common defense of jazz as good music during the Jazz Age embraced the professional musicians and professional composers who performed and created jazz music, not the non-professional musicians who first introduced it. In adopting jazz idioms, professional musicians were simply continuing the process of cultivating the American vernacular. Black professional musicians were already adopting black vernacular idioms in their music making in earlier syncopated society orchestras and simply adopted jazz idioms as well as the name in their â€Å"jazz† orchestras. (Bushell, 72-75) White professional musicians had performed rags as part of their repertoire in the past, but with the jazz craze, many were quick to adopt syncopated dance and jazz practices in some form as the defining style of their profession. White professional musicians also quickly followed black professional musicians in transforming their bands into jazz orchestras, and just as quickly claimed to be the modern proponents of this new American popular music. Black and white professional jazz orchestras in the 1920s established the basic instrumentation, arrangement, and techniques of the big band dance orchestras that dominated American popular music until the 1950s. In the 1920s, an emerging new ideal of good music involved a balancing of the previous cultivated practices and cultivated music of professional musicians with popular vernacular idioms. The proper balance, however, was hotly debated. Professional musicians would constantly distance themselves from the pure vernacular of non-professional musicians. In defending their balance of the cultivated and the vernacular in popular performance, popular tastes, however, were demanding jazz music and a professional musician would be remiss to ignore his patrons in the popular music market as much as stodgy critics and some professional musicians would rail against the pernicious influence of jazz. Professional musicians in mediating the popular music market had to continue to navigate the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial construction of good music in America. While popular tastes in musical entertainment promoted the black vernacular in commercial popular music, the plight of the African American community in the United States continued to be dire. Some leaders in the black community had hoped that African Americans participation during World War I in both the military and in industry, and the Great Migration out of the Jim Crow South, would change their fortunes as segregated and oppressed second class citizens. The post-war years, however, dashed most hopes of any immediate positive change. (DeVeaux, 6-29) Race relations went in the opposite direction. Race riots sprung up across the nation while lynching continued to be a regular occurrence. Efforts continued to secure the legal segregation of black communities, and the labor movement continued to exclude blacks. The Ku Klux Klan reached its peak membership and popularity during the 1920s. The segregation and denigration of the black community was also reflected in the social organization of American music. (Hansen, 493-97) Besides the segregation of audiences and most venues, black professional musicians also remained outside the artistic community of white professional musicians in terms of unions, band organizations, and this communitys vision of a professional class of artist in America. The balance of the cultivated and the vernacular among professional musicians also continued to run against elitist conceptions of popular music and popular musicians as less legitimate than the music, musicians, and composers of the European cultivated tradition of classical and opera music. Black professional musicians also continued to strive to break through the barriers erected against them in the world of European cultivated music. This continuing tension in the implied lower status of professional musicians who performed American popular music erupted during the Jazz Age into an open rebellion against the European cultivated tradition. Professional musicians in jazz orchestras attempted to counter the singular role claimed by the European cultivated tradition. These musicians asserted that jazz was a true American or African American school of fine art music in contrast to cultivated European music – a populist appeal for high art legitimacy. This high art turn in American popular music, however, ultimately failed when the depression wreaked havoc on the popular music market. With the introduction of a new popular music market of live performances, records, broadcasts, and films, the quest for legitimacy among professional popular musicians would have to take another route. It was a period where professional popular musicians in adopting the jazz vernacular went against the reigning cultural hierarchy in America. (Peretti, 234-40) The period following World War I was a crucial turning point in American popular music. The American vernacular in general was storming the ramparts of the old edifice of good music as Tin Pan Alley song and dance dominated popular performance. Both professional and nonprofessional musicians also were benefiting from more affluent times and the growing importance of entertainment in the lives of most urban Americans. To the chagrin of elite and moral defenders of nineteenth century cultural idealism, most urban Americans were readily joining a Cultural Revolution in commercial popular entertainment. And at the center of this revolution was the national craze for jazz music and jazz dance. The jazz craze made syncopated rhythms and other black vernacular idioms central elements of American popular music making. While many small jazz bands performed a black vernacular style of music from the Delta Region of New Orleans, jazz music in the 1920s encompassed not only this style but syncopated dance music, blues music, piano rags, and virtually any tune jazzed up by musicians. The jazz craze in essence was the craze for the black vernacular among popular audiences and the performance of this vernacular in some form by popular musicians and popular singers both professional and non-professional. The extent to which musicians and singers actually adopted the black vernacular rather than a superficial imitation – critique later jazz critics would make of certain sweet jazz during the 1920s – is less important than the fact that jazz entered the consciousness of the nation and musicians as the reigning popular music. The word Jazz seems to have found a permanent place in the vocabulary of popular music. It was used originally as an adjective describing a band that in playing for dancing were so infected with their own rhythm that they themselves executed as much, if not more, contortions than the dancers. The popularity of the raggy music has created a demand for music with exaggerated syncopation, an attempt as it were to produce the wonderful broken rhythms of the primitive African jungle orchestra. The jazz craze also coincided with the growth of black entertainment. During the 1920s, black entertainment districts like the South Side in Chicago and Harlem in New York City witnessed a major boom. Besides entertaining the large black populations of The Great Migration, black musicians and singers were entertaining white audiences who went uptown for their entertainment. The boom in the 1920s in black entertainment, as Kenny (1993, 89-92) and Shaw (1987, 122-30) show, was driven by the demand for the black vernacular. In musical theater, musical revues, vaudeville, dance, and speakeasies, the black vernacular and black artists were in demand. This demand was met not only in black entertainment districts, but also outside these districts as black artists performed for white audiences in musical revues, dance halls, and clubs in white entertainment districts. The popularity of the black vernacular also increased when record producers discovered a race market in black music. Most members of the New England School of cultivated music like Mason, and other defenders of the old ideal of good music, were stridently against the influence of jazz in both popular music and classical music. Repeating the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial epithets used to condemn the popularization of vernacular jazz, the guardians of the old ideal ridiculed any idea of jazz meriting the status of high art or even having an influence on serious music composition and performance. As David Stanley Smith, Professor of Music at Yale University, argued in The Musician of August 1926, jazz musics â€Å"monotonous rhythm, as unvaried as the chug-chug of a steam engine, enslaves its practitioners within a formula, and induces in composer, performer, and listener a stupor of mind and emotion. † On the other hand, many of those individuals who embraced â€Å"modernism† in cultivated music were sympathetic to jazz music. These modernists emphasized jazz as the legitimate expression of the times and a nation. (Stewart, 102-109) The debate within the cultivated tradition between old idealists and modernists on the influence of jazz revolved mainly around the influence of popular jazz on serious music composition and performance. That the question would be posed in such a manner spoke to how, by the 1920s, the European cultivated tradition had organizationally and ideologically broken from the world of commercial popular music. Crossover between popular music and cultivated music occurred during the 1920s, but organizational and ideological barriers left little chance that jazz musicians would transform the cultivated tradition. The very formation of a separate world of cultivated music in the United States was predicated on its distinction from commercial popular music, popular musicians, and popular tastes – a distinction further exacerbated by jazz music being an expression of the black vernacular. The influence of jazz within the cultivated tradition, however, was debated during the 1920s as professional musicians laid claim to a truly American art form and modernists promoted the incorporation of jazz in serious music composition and performance. (Badger, 48-67) Traditionalists, of course, had reason to be optimistic as the economic depression following the 1929 stock market crash wreaked havoc on the commercial market of popular jazz music. Defenders of the European cultivated tradition also had reason to celebrate as the confident proclamations of professional musicians on jazz as Americas first authentic art receded to the background as these musicians adjusted to changed economic circumstances and a new popular music market. Professional musicians struggle for legitimacy during the Jazz Age, however, laid the ideological and musical foundation upon which the next generation of professional musicians would construct a modern jazz paradigm. In their quest for legitimacy as professional artists, they were the first popular artists to attempt to transform the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial constructions of the old ideal of good music in America. While their efforts contained their own complicity in manners of distinction, the contradictions of an elite populism embedded in a racist culture, they did struggle to create an alternative understanding of art and society in America. As the self-appointed mediators of the American vernacular, professional musicians and composers ardently worked to construct an alternative form of good music to that of the European cultivated music tradition – a music reflecting in some fashion the world of popular audiences and popular tastes. ( DeVeaux, 525-40) In this process of syncretism, the reinvention and reinterpretation of musical idioms and practices, these artists created the American big band dance orchestra and the Tin Pan Alley song that dominated American popular music until the middle of the twentieth century. While jazz did not become a universally recognized American high art form during the Jazz Age, professional musicians and composers transformed it into legitimate popular art music, although at the expense of those non-professional vernacular musicians who did not assimilate into their profession. The need for professional musicians to legitimate popular dance orchestras disappeared after the 1920s, and the old ideal of good music no longer occupied this professional class of musician. (Gioia, 213-20) The emergence of an alternative ideal of good music among professional musicians signaled a final separation between popular music making and the cultivated tradition in American music. This break was both ideological and practical; a reflection of both a new professional ethos among professional musicians and the culmination of the division in the social organization of American music between the world of popular music and the world of European cultivated music. (Lopes, 25-36) The previous crisscrossing professionally between the cultivated tradition and popular music making was no longer part of this profession. The future big band leaders and musicians of the Swing Era began their professional careers not in symphonies, but in the small jazz ensembles and jazz orchestras of the Jazz Age. The fate of jazz was seemed threatened by the power over popular music of a new mass media industry of broadcasts, recordings, and film. Just when the fortunes of jazz seemed dead and buried, however, the swing craze reignited popular interest in the cultivated jazz vernacular. (Hennessey, 156-60) The promotion of sweet music and the subsequent swing craze, however, set in motion a new distinction within the profession of musician. No longer than singularly obsessed with the world of European cultivated music, professional musicians who assimilated the black jazz vernacular now viewed sweet music as their more direct nemesis. The race and class boundaries articulated in the old ideal of good music were now articulated more directly for professional musicians in the distinction between the popular music cultures of sweet and swing.

The Hidden Hierarchy of Silences :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays Super Bowl

The Hidden Hierarchy of Silences On the night of February second, 2003, family members in thousands of U.S. households gathered together to participate in what is considered by many to be a great and important American tradition, the NFL Super Bowl. After kick-off, in most respects, everyone watched a game that had all the elements of a typical all American football game. Big muscled men threw a leather ball around, ran with it, and violently rammed into each other to the tune of a cheering audience. There were women on the sidelines wearing very tight, revealing clothing dancing for the crowd, and, after about two hours of all this, it was time for the traditional halftime performance of music and entertainment. It was during this performance where many argue that things began to shift slightly from the norm. For the second year, the performance was going to be produced by MTV, and perhaps in an effort to get more female and younger viewers tuned in, MTV advertised its performance of Justin Timberlake which promised "to shock". Timberlake ended the performance with a singing and dancing collaboration with Janet Jackson, and faithful to MTV's reputation, there was not a lot of singing, but plenty of over the clothing – crotch grabbing and groping of the singers themselves and each other. However, it was Justin's final movement after the words, "I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song", where he ripped off part of Jackson's costume exposing her right breast, that triggered enraged viewers across the nation to cover their children's eyes, and call the FCC for justice. Although an account of these calls is not available for public scrutiny, their sentiments are probably of a similar range to what newspaper and magazine articles today are commenting on the recent incident in an NFL skit. Before the Monday Night Football game on November 15, Terrell Owens sees Desperate Housewives costar Nicollette Sheridan in the locker room wearing only a towel, and says in so many words that he will stay and have sex with her instead of going to the game. This event is now the most talked about obscenity broadcasting controversy since the Justin/Jackson event, and many are suspicious that it's no coincidence that the common denominator of suggested interracial sexual relations - is hiding deep within the public fury. Foucault, an expert on the societal obsessions with sex in the 18th century, takes note of what the different public discourses about sex can say about a society and their private views on sexual controversies.

Summary of Sam Shepard’s play: Buried Child

Buried child was penned down by Sam Shepard in 1978. This play is one of the Sam Shepard’s master pieces of all time. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Shepard received the Gold Medal for Drama from the Academy in 1992, and in 1994 he was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame. Shepard is the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of more than forty five plays. Shepard won Obie Awards for eleven of his plays including Buried Child. (Amazon) In his family drama, Buried Child, Shepard takes a shocking look at an American Midwestern Family who has buried their dark secret in the field.This takes a form of paradox because the characters seem intricately entangled to each other by dark secrets; they are also for all time alone. In the start of the play Halie and Dodge engage into a hilariously gaunt quarrel wich they seem to have been having forever. Married to Halie, 65 year old, Dodge is seventy years old drunkard, smoker and frequently has violent coughing outbursts. He is seventy years old. Halie spends time with the church Father. The father is an alcoholic and likes to spend time with women. He enjoys the not-so-secret affair with Halie.Dodge fathered three children with Halie. Tilden, the oldest son shows up after 20 years. Tilden was an All-American quarterback or fullback. Now he is mixed up in the head and can't take care of himself. Bradley is not considered very bright; he chopped his leg in a chainsaw accident. Bradley has serious discrepancy with Dodge. Ansel, the soldier died in a motel, on his honeymoon with the Catholic Italian girl. Haley believes that Ansel got unlucky the day he married. (Amazon) Vince, Tilden’s son, arrives at the farm house but nobody recognizes him.When Vince brings his girlfriend, Shelly, home to meet his family, she is at first charmed by the â€Å"normal† looking farm house. Bizarrely, no one seems to remember Vince at first, and they treat him as a trespasser and imposter. Ultimately, they r eluctantly agree on acknowledging him as a part of their greatly dysfunctional family. Slowly and gradually, the dark secret that the old couple has been hiding from their children and grandchildren starts to pop out like a seed grows and the plant pops out tearing the earth.Long time back, Dodge buried an unwanted child (the product of an incest relationship between Tilden and his mother) in an undisclosed location. From that point onward, the entire family lived under a cloud of shame that is at last chased away when Tilden discovers the ill-fated child's remains and carries it upstairs to his mother. This act seems to wash out the family of its curse. Corn grows in the fields where nothing would grow for years. The play ends with a declaration of hope from Halie.(Theatre) The most important symbol used in the play is the rain, that lets the crops in the field grow. At the beginning of the play rain falls on the family’s farmhouse and all its visitors, washing away the dirt and the smell and, symbolically, the sins of their past. Some of the most powerful symbols in this play are associated with nature and fertility. The dead land where no crops have grown forever symbolizes Halie. It suggests that Halie was past menopause.The rain that brought the land to life and vegetation and plant life popped out of the dead earth. This particularly symbolizes Tilden’s potential of conceiving a child with his own middle aged mother. Tilden handles to reap the bare fields. (Amazon) References: Buried Child by Sam Shepard, Amazon. com, Amazon (2010), web, July 11, 2010 from http://www. amazon. com/Sam-Shepard-Starving-Turista-Tongues/dp/0553346113 Buried Child, Theatre database, Plot synopsis, n. d. web, July 11, 2010 from http://www. theatredatabase. com/20th_century/buried_child. html

Proposed Capstone Project Essay

To implement the system in an online environment. To design a database that will organize blotter related information and records. To provide a search facility for finding and filtering of records. To include a module that will facilitate updating of reported blotters. To generate statistical reports pertinent for decision making. Project Description Police officers are assigned at the police stations to encode the complaints, police reports, and crime incidents reported in their areas of responsibilities (AOS) directly into their computers connected online. All police precinct blotter records are visible in the web server anytime of the day. At the end of the day, each police station prints their day’s journal using the system. System Platform: Web Application utilizing HTML5, PHP, MySQL, and CSS. System Functionalities [Include your HIPO in this part. Make sure all functionalities are stated here. I suggest, you divide your features in terms of Client and Server Side. Client Side may still be divided in terms of your users. These features are still based on the SE Project which is PC-Based, you have not specified features when it will be implemented online.] Management of blotter cases. (inc: Creating blotter and archiving blotter case) Viewing of records. (by case number, name, date) Generating statistical reports in graphical models. Generate and queue reports. The system will generate reports such as the following: Number of blotter incidents per barangay Most common cases per barangay Monthly/Quarterly/Annually report of blotter cases Individual Blotter Report The individual reports are collated into single reports which can be accessed by City of Santa Rosa Police Headquarters Superintendent for his information and use. Statistical Report Graphical representation of most common cases annually for comparative purpose. Chart for areas with frequent cases reported. The purpose of this report is to monitor and isolate areas with the most number of incidents. And also use for decision making and for development of solutions. Read This: http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=9XcWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&dq=Computerized+Blotter+System&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QfQzVKXqJ8-coQS07IHYDA&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Computerized%20Blotter%20System&f=false http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/118908/news/nation/qc-police-to-have-computerized-blotter-system-in-2-months https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.444684698888025.97968.160481633975001&type=3 http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/pnp-infromation-communication-management-eblotter-program http://www.studymode.com/essays/Blotter-System-1312101.html http://www.studymode.com/essays/Capstone-Project-1178085.html

Bless The Beasts And Children essays

Bless The Beasts And Children essays The novel, Bless the Beasts and Children, by Glendon Swarthout has a theme of the progression of the Bedwetters. These are kids who are ostracized because of their lack of physical abilities. Their individualistic actions are eliminated as the novel progresses. Before the group changed to a fully functional group one could find clues of these individualistic acts such as when the Bedwetters attempt to steal the buffalo head from one of the other cabins. John Cottons, the leader of the Bedwetters, at first refuses to compromise and allow the group to get food. When he does compromise, the Bedwetters begin their progression. Finally the event in which the Bedwetters free the buffalo shows them as a fully functional group. The groups individualism is shown when they attempt to steal the buffalo head from the Apaches. They botched it(pg. 60) describes the Bedwetters attempt. Goodenow and Lally 2 set the group off on the wrong foot after one has giggled and the other trips on a root. Teft and Shecker, being the strongest, were the ones to enter the Apaches cabin and take the trophy down. Once, successfully having entered the cabin, Shecker being clumsier than a cub bear catches the power switch to his radio on a piece of elastic. This causes all the campers to wake up and tackle the Bedwetters. The Bedwetters are tied to a tree and the Apaches urinate in their chamber pot. If their actions had properly been planned and the six of them worked together, the Bedwetters would have been successful. However, that was not the case and it showed. All but one of the six began to cry. If the group had been one whole, they would have used each others strength to keep from crying. The Bedwetters learn from this ev ent in which they are greatly humiliated. When the next time approached with a way they could better work together, they will. Clearly, the Buffalo Head incident has started the Bedwe...

A Fading India Journalistic Essays

I am waiting for the Regal Taj when another bus, advertising itself as the â€Å"premier deluxe air-conditioned Taj Express,† arrives, its seats apparently filled completely with people. I climb up the creaking steps as the driver stretches his hand for a 10 rupee note for the pleasure of this upgraded ride. There is a reason why the bus is â€Å"air-conditioned†; two of the windows are broken. A makeshift cellophane sheet stuck with duct tape over the open space keeps coming undone and rattles angrily against the ledge. This is not a bus for the country club crowd. Men show deep creases of labor and worry on their foreheads and women balance four or five children, on their laps and pressed against their bosoms. But they are Indian, and they have a birthright and an obligation to respect their history. This is the country where spontaneous monuments sprout up in honor of Shivaji, the Hindu warrior who lost his friends, family, and then his life in resisting the conquering Moguls. This is the country where people invoke the name of Gandhi at political rallies, â€Å"Long Live Mahatma,† as if his placid face lingers as a ghost on the stage. The Mahabharat, mostly mythical but historically based, was adapted for television a few years ago and remains the highest rated series of all time. So, as overworked and overburdened as the masses may be, the Taj Mahal beckons to reveal the glory of India’s past to them. The back of the bus has an empty seat, next to a foreign tourist, which I claim as my own.

History of the United States Since 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the United States Since 1865 - Essay Example Republicans turned their attention from pursuing war to reconstructing the union. Radical Republicans gained control over policy making in congress, together with more moderate republicans they managed to gain control of the House of Representatives and the Senate. With this, they obtained adequate power to control possible declinations by President Andrew Johnson. The first Reconstruction act was passed by congress in March 1867. Secessionist states were divided into five military districts, each of which was governed by a Union general. Martial law was declared and troops dispatched to cultivate peace and protect former slaves. Thaddeus Stevens who was a radical supported the seizing of land from rich planters giving it to former slaves, moderates continued the Freedmen’s bureau which had always been underfunded and understaffed and was the only thing that had offered hope for former slaves by intervening between blacks and whites. General Oliver Howard who was the bureauâ⠂¬â„¢s commissioner backed up education for blacks with the aim of improving their prospects and living conditions. In 1869, more schools serving large numbers of students reported to the bureau. The bureau pushed for establishment of official contracts between landlords and laborers’ as well as a civil rights bill to grant citizenship for everyone born in the United States irrespective of color which would bring about equal protection of citizens under the law, the bill stated nothing about voting by blacks. The freedmen’s bureau and civil rights bill were supported by republicans as the hallmark to rebuilding the United States. President Andrew Johnson declined both bills claiming that they violated the State’s rights and those of white southerners who had not taken part in the decision making process. To ensure that blacks retained their rights, the republicans proposed the fourteenth amendment which was approved granting citizenship to everyone born in Ameri ca and equal protection for all citizens as stated in the law. Southern men who gathered in state conventions did not accept the Fourteenth amendment; they displayed their disapproval in every way in an attempt to prevent further prospects of remaking the south. In the spring of 1866, there were riots in New Orleans and Memphis, policemen and whites ruthlessly attacked and assassinated black people burning their homes with light or no cause. In the same year the Ku Klux Klan emerged, it was founded in Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest. The Ku Klux Klan strived to ensure that the whites remained powerful in America; they wore costumes meant to overawe former slaves and stayed anonymous to avoid any retaliation. A military wing formed under the Democratic Party worked tirelessly fiving warnings and assassinating any whites and blacks who supported black rights or associated with the Republicans. Although Republicans had gained control of all northern states they were dissatisfied wi th the voting system, distribution of land, courts and education. In March 1867, they passed the Reconstruction act that placed the south under military leadership; all other southern states with the exception of Tennessee were divided into military districts. Consequently black and white men contested for leadership positions within the Republican Party. In 1868, the Republicans elected Ulysses D. Grant as president after Johnson was charged with impeachment, Grant was believed to be independent of party

Multilateral diplomacy and bilateral diplomacy Coursework

Multilateral diplomacy and bilateral diplomacy - Coursework Example Traditional bilateralism also hinged on the premise that physical presence and diplomatic interaction is an essential prerequisite for acquisition of knowledge, understanding and appreciation about each other’s history, culture and environment. Establishing of permanent embassies with missions, ambassadors and consulates for exchange of diplomatic representation between national governments had been precisely to demonstrate bilateral diplomacy through internal adaptation of the geopolitical realities of domestic and regional pressures, external to the participant countries. In the spirit of â€Å"each for himself, and God for us all† stated aptly by the erstwhile British Foreign Secretary Canning, the justification for the existence of its structure lies in the continuing significance of states as entities, for keeping interstate relations alive, aided by modern day technology. The bilateral negotiation of a nuclear test ban between the Cold War compatriots, Soviet Unio n and the U.S at the Conference on Disarmament led to the CTBT -Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which was formulated having positive multilateral overtones on several other nuclear nations that got roped in subsequently. This outcome in the nuclear domain substantiates Thomas Nowotny’s first comment that multilateral diplomacy with widespread ratification indeed, not only turned out to be an adjunct to bilateral diplomacy between the two super powers, but also their inseparability for troubleshooting of critical problems. The limitations of bilateral diplomacy when viewed globally get exposed in the modern context of seeking solutions to complex problems have far reaching consequences to the vast comity of nations. The problematic Human Rights (HR) issue is one, which encompasses women, children, disabled persons, elderly persons, migrants, minorities, refugees, HIV/AIDS afflicted persons and HR defenders to name a few, with its manifestations unique to each country. Growing

Dra DB X Rod Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dra DB X Rod - Assignment Example The style of speaking is another thing that cannot be found in the original Shakespeare’s text. Neither there’re all those means of expression a visual art implies. The composition of Shakespeare’s text is defined by words, developments of a plot, but a theatrical performance requires much more means. Thus, main difference between what’s written and the performance is that characters communicate with each other within a play using their body languages, accents, moves and etc. while words are simply a starting point. They are only a scheme for performance. For this reason valuable is a work of a playwright, and specifically, a script written for a play. Script isn’t a simple guide of words, but rather a basic for every performance. It’s the above mentioned scheme for acting, and on every stage of production team’s turning to a script. When planning a performance, the main challenge is to handle all the means of expression (including use of a stage space) and therefore, all the individual performances made by actors together, because on a final stage of production, a play should turn into a single

Analysis of Gaming Industry Consumers

Analysis of Gaming Industry Consumers Muhammad Zafar   Ã‚   Introduction Online games are played online unlike the traditional pc and consoles games where players play against each other (Hilton 2006). This had a huge impact on games DFC intelligence (2006) estimated that the total online games revenue have grown from $3.4 billion in 2005 to over $13 billion in 2011. There are new media elements for the consumers now use to represent their expressions and communications in the online games some examples are online avatars, accessories of the avatars, decorative stuffs like furniture, background music, skins and fancy weapons used in online games (V. Lehdonvirta 2009). Also people who cant buy expensive car and likes to modify cars and likes to drive modified cars in video games buy games like Gran Turismo, Sega GT, Metropolis Street Racer, or Need for Speed Underground, also people build a virtual dream life in games like The Sims, Habbo Hotel, or Second Life or they even want to enhance their digital lives by buying rare and expensive magical artefacts in games like Morrowind, Everquest, or World of Warcraft to get connected with other players or to show others their digital valuables (Lindstrom, 2001; Nelson, 2002). The combined result is that consumers now relate themselves to digitally simulated consumption experiences. However digital virtual consumption is just materialized substance. Its popularity therefore defies the premises of utility-based explanations of consumer behaviour like a virtual car cannot take you to work; a virtual home does not keep you warm and sheltered (Castronova, 2003). Digital Items Social media is the main source of advertising through Facebook and Twitter. These sites produce high revenue for the companies but to find alternate gaming companies have now started building revenues of selling digital items to their consumers (H.S. Kang, 2003). Consumers now use these new media elements known as digital items to represent, communicate and express themselves with other online members. There are two types of digital items, 2d/3d digital items and musical digital format like songs and music. In this article the focus is on self representation through digital items and aesthetic value. Some of the common examples of digital items are digital avatars, their accessories such as clothes, shoes and hats, decorative skins and items for virtual real life games like furniture, painting, wallpapers and background skins. Usually the prices of digital items are ranges between to a few pennies to a high ranged pound price depending on the item and its value, some limited items a re very high ranged. Consumers use digital items to represent their online users. They normally take an interest in a virtual world by controlling their avatar, a character that speaks to them in the virtual environment (V. Lehdonvirta, 2005). Avatars are usually two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphical figures that represent the consumers online self (S. Webb, 2001). Consumers have more hold over avatars based interactions and can customize their avatar in a wide range of physical features and they are also willing to buy avatar features (Jin, 2009). It also enhances users vivid experiences of participants when they have an active control on the virtual environment through their digital avatars which makes them feel that they are a part of the virtual world with other users (Lehdonvirta et al., 2009; Martin, 2008, Animesh et al., 2011). Social Identity The emotional value of an advanced digital item depends essentially on what it would seem that and the degree to which marketers identify with it and utilize it in their correspondence with the consumers (A.H. Huang, D.C. Yen, X. Zhang, 2008). The two factors which are identifying as emotional value are the aesthetics and the playfulness which connects the consumers to their digital avatar. Consumers buys digital products is depends in a manner that how they view themselves or wishes to be viewed by other members. Aside from their effective utility, items have typical or prominent utilization values. The sorts of computerized things one uses additionally help to characterize the adopters group of friends. For social esteem, it can be recognized into two elements: self-image expression and relationship support. All in all through their fantasies, consumers truly wish into reality the encounters that they therefore expend. The media Games and Culture all in all, including computerized virtual spaces, are themselves subject to showcase mechanisms (Kline, Dyer-Witheford, and de Peuter, 2003). The act of buying a car (in a material sense) is in reality genuine; that is, it is acknowledged and realized in an execution of an earlier stare off into space in the psyche of a consumer. The improvement of the computerized virtual (for instance, a computer game, like World of Warcraft), in any case, may welcome a person to purchase a virtual enchantment staff. Consumers who buy virtual and digitalized items such as a magic staff is indeed real for them when they imagine it, so here we have an instrument for the realization of unique customer fantasy further than what is likely, that is accessible in the material mercantile centre (Proulx and Latzko-Toth, 2000). One of the examples of a game which allows consumers to utilize their fantasies through online platform in a game is The Sims (Consalvo, 2003). In the Sims is a game in which the user simulates a virtual life. First they create a Sims likely known as digital avatar and then they choose types of clothing and lifestyle for it and later build a house and make family. Then there is Grand theft Auto in which users who are more towards violence and American criminal lifestyle in this game user first create a character in multiplayer mode and then progress through missions and other multiplayer jobs with your online friends it is an open world game which itself is a reflection of social drama. Self-representation desire may, thusly, be improved by individual control as a persons certainty about his or her capacity, i.e., self-adequacy, to show a favoured image (Dà ¶ring 2002). The impact of online introduction self-adequacy on the desire for online self-representation can be clarified by s ocial subjective hypothesis (Bandura, 2001). It places that human conduct is persistently and widely self-managed. Online Community An online group comprises of (1) individuals, who cooperate with each other in the group; (2) reason, to give motivation to clients to take part in groups; (3) approaches, to make guidelines, conventions, and laws to guide clients conduct; and (4) PC frameworks, to bolster and intercede social association and encourage a feeling of fellowship   (Preece, 2000). An online games community is characterized as a gathering of users who cooperate with each other by means of Internet, they create a fantasy role and build up an online relationship among users, share regular interests, and enjoy their requirement for excitement by assuming their own particular virtual parts (Hsu and Lu, 2007 and Teng, in press). Origin in Asia, for instance, is a hot web based amusement that permits users to accept a virtual part to join daring exercises on the internet. In the Lineage people group, users frequently create strong attachment and endeavour to accomplish shared objectives, including overco ming a foe nation. When a player and their team mates gets a powerful item or a high skill, the players then interact with the opponent team and the opponents responds with a counter attack or runs away, these kinds of interactions have been found to have a ample impact on the success of online games since an arrangement of a more than a few successions of collaboration is in actuality an account, which can be utilized to build a play interest (Choi Kim, 2004). From the consumer view of perspective through practical observations the psychological feeling of being there and benefit instruments, for example, reasonableness, security and motivating force are exceptionally critical concerns (Chen and Yen, 2004). Motivation If a user will be extremely submerged in a virtual diversion group (understanding stream) on the off chance that he or she have accomplished coordinating aptitudes (like propelled weapons) against high players. In particular, high character skill (low test) will shrink a players desire to additionally accomplish even progressed virtual things as his or her characters general capability will as of now be better than that of others, and the other way around. Furthermore, with the expansion in the general skill of the characters possessed by a player, he or she may like to challenge propelled PC controlled players for picking up an incredible feeling of accomplishment (Kim, Oh and Lee, 2005). By this behaviour consumers are more anticipated in buying more digital items to progress further more in the game and also its an achievement for them to show other users that how far the progressed. Players with inherent inspiration may see more fun under the high vulnerability condition that makes them to feel more excitement. Then again, outwardly persuaded players may see less exchange cost when exchanging the thing with high resource specificity. Ordinarily, individuals see more exchange cost when the high resource specificity condition is given in the exchange in light of the confinement of the advantage (O. E. Williamson, 1991). Digital games also motivate players to learn new stuff about the world and culture it helps them to grow more knowledge of skills (Dickey, 2006). It is also been discussed before that digital games helps a user to develop problem solving skills (Annetta, 2008). Furthermore, motivation starts to conduct and decides its course and power. Along these lines, the desire for online self-representation fills in as an inspiration that prompts to practices, for example, the buying of digital items that empower online self-representation (Van der Heijden 200 4). Motivation likewise decides asset designation for various practices. Based on their desire for online self-representation, individuals may allocate assets toward the buying of digital items for self-representation and expend exertion toward this objective (Latham and Pinder 2005). Negations While there are positive effects of online gaming and digital world there are also some negative effects also which are due to the genre of a game like if a game is genre is violence this can relate to an aggressive outcome for the user (Anderson Bushman, 2001). Although online games recreations frequently contain comparable demonstrations of violence, recent narrative confirmation has proposed another negative behavioural impact that these games may represent that of addiction (Jansz, 2005). In 2005 The Washington Post reports that 10 people died in Korea as a result of extreme game play, also a person who was found dead in an internet cafe after continuously playing 50 hours taking very few breaks (Khazan, 2006). An individuals identity is a moderately stable antecedent of conduct in a miniaturized scale level, as it shows a persisting style of ones way of thinking, feeling, and acting in various circumstances (Stevens, 2003). Ritualized media utilize was associated with impression of imminence to the medium and convenience, substantial media users will probably proceed with their media utilize paying little reverence to the content (Huh 2004). Online game addiction is known as process addiction which is a specific type of addiction defined as behaviour enslavement which is similar to obsessive gambling and shopping. Users who are addicted play online games to form social relationship as they do to progress through the ladder, virtual relationships is more desirable to them rather than face to face interactions thats why they have their own virtual world in which their fictional digital avatar or character is real for them and they represent that as themselves to other users (Yee, 2006). Conclusion So the conclusion is that how marketers make consumers relate to games avatars and buy digital items from their real money which are the in game avatars clothing and accessories   to make it look good and show it to other users. Some of the games like Counter Strike and other combat multiplayer games have skins for the guns and knives which are bought from the real money. People now live in a digital world where they want to show themselves to others which they cant do in real life and have less confidence to even talk and socialize with others. So the developers and the marketers of the games have brought them digitized virtual reality world where they can socialize with confidence. This is a consumer behaviour theory that marketers provide consumers a game in which they can do what they imagine to do in the real world but could not do it, this is also knows as aesthetic drama. But for the consumers this all real for them the imagination and fantasy is real thats what motivates them to buy digital items in games. Self motivation is the thing which the marketers target a person because in games if a user is winning a lot of games against stronger opponents and getting higher ranked achievements through games it self-motivates them to buy in game items like background music, wallpapers, skins, digital avatar accessories and other items related to the game. This whole essay is about self-representation through a consumers view of mind and their perspective that how a game can be real to them and connects mentally and emotionally to them and how marketers motivates their desires to play more and be involve more in buying in games items and materials which encourages them to progress further. From theories and research its been proved that online gaming is on a rise and now its more advance through mobile phone games and other portable consoles and there is a major increase in online gamers who are playing online games with other players and take it is a challenge. This is the kind of motivation marketers look forward for. References Yee, N. (2006). Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology behavior, 9(6), 772-775. Kim, H. W., Gupta, S., Koh, J. (2011). Investigating the intention to purchase digital items in social networking communities: A customer value perspective. Information Management, 48(6), 228-234. Molesworth, M., Denegri-Knott, J. (2007). Digital play and the actualization of the consumer imagination. Games and Culture, 2(2), 114-133. Huang, E. (2012). Online experiences and virtual goods purchase intention. Internet Research, 22(3), 252-274. Hsu, C. L., Lu, H. P. (2007). Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1642-1659. Lee, M. C., Tsai, T. R. (2010). What drives people to continue to play online games? An extension of technology model and theory of planned behavior. Intl. journal of human-computer interaction, 26(6), 601-620. Wu, J. H., Wang, S. C., Tsai, H. H. (2010). Falling in love with online games: The uses and gratifications perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1862-1871. Guo, Y., Barnes, S. (2007). Why people buy virtual items in virtual worlds with real money. ACM Sigmis Database, 38(4), 69-76. Choi, B., Lee, I., Lee, K., Jung, S., Park, S., Kim, J. (2007, January). The effects of users motivation on their perception to trading systems of digital content accessories: Focusing on trading items in online games. In System Sciences, 2007. HICSS 2007. 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 161-161). IEEE. Yang, Y. T. C. (2012). Building virtual cities, inspiring intelligent citizens: Digital games for developing students problem solving and learning motivation. Computers Education, 59(2), 365-377. Kim, H. W., Chan, H. C., Kankanhalli, A. (2012). What motivates people to purchase digital items on virtual community websites? The desire for online self-presentation. Information systems research, 23(4), 1232-1245. Huh, S., Bowman, N. D. (2008). Perception and addiction of online games as a function of personality traits. Journal of Media Psychology, 13(2), 1-31.

Resistence to Genetically Modified Foods Essay -- GMOs, Genetically Mod

Introduction This report seeks to examine the causes for resisting genetically modified (GM) food in the world. There have been resistance to genetically modified food have been going on since is commercial production began in early 1990’s (Glass-O'Shea, 2011). The European Union has been delaying decision to allow farmers to introduce GM food crops in their farms or importation of GM foods without labeling as compared to the North American counterparts. This report investigates the major causes of sustained resistance to GM food, the effects of this issue and possible recommendations to soften this position. Causes of resistance to genetically modified food There have been fears that genetically modified food could have far reaching health effects in after a prolonged time of consumption. Several studies indicated that other organisms are affected by the genetically modified food (Macek, Kotrba, Svatos, Novakova, Demnerova, & Mackova, 2008). Many leaders especially in developing countries are concern that genetically modified food is a ploy to enrich some certain corporations in developed countries. These are main reasons for resisting genetically modified food Risky for human consumptions There is a growing concern that the companies that are involved in production of genetically modified food do not conduct extensive research on adverse effect to humans. This contributes heavy why the European Union (EU) is particularly very slow in deciding to allow farming of genetically modified food crops. Since foods may contain other materials that do not have any nutritional values, there should an independent study on effects to humans after consumption (Kuiper, Kleter, Noteburn, & Kok, 2001). It is not clear who sponsors the r... ...3. Glass-O'Shea, B. (2011). The History and Future of Genetically Modified Crops: Frankenfoods, Superweeds, and the Developing World. Journal of Food Law and Policy, 7. Kuiper, H. A., Kleter, G. A., Noteburn, H. P. J. M., and Kok, E. J. (2001). Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods. Plant Journal. 27, 503–528 Legge Jr, J. S., & Durant, R. F. (2010). Public opinion, risk assessment, and biotechnology: lessons from attitudes toward genetically modified foods in the European Union. Review of Policy Research, 27(1), 59-76. Qaim, M. (2009). The economics of genetically modified crops. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 1. 665–693 Macek, T., Kotrba, P., Svatos, A., Novakova, M., Demnerova, K., & Mackova, M. (2008). Novel roles for genetically modified plants in environmental protection. Trends in biotechnology, 26(3), 146-152.

Aspects of Contract and Neglegence for Business Essay

IntroductionThis study focuses on the designation of the facets of contract and carelessness for concern. There are understandings and contract in every concern in recent than earlier. Verbal understandings are normally no longer used by the concerns. Written understanding in the signifier of contract is ore preferred to all. But. the profitableness of contract is uncomplete if the ordinances and facets are unknown. Well recognition of contract in concern provides a legal certification procuring the outlooks of the parties involved. Contracts work as a safety tool of the resources. On the contrary. carelessness is lifting into the basis of our system for counterbalancing people for inadvertent harm and hurts. This is because it allows the tribunals to present amendss in civil wrong in some fortunes where it is non possible to make so in contract. This study will assist scholars to understand in and all about the contract formation and carelessness of contract in concerns. Learning OBJECTIVESTASK 1 Understand the indispensable elements of a valid contract in a concern context TASK 2 Be able to use the elements of a contract in concern state of affairss TASK 3 Understand rules of liability in carelessness in concern activities TASK 4 Be able to use the rules of liability in carelessness in concern state of affairss. Undertaking 1LO 1. 1 Importance of the indispensable elements required for the formation of a valid contract Offer and Acceptance: The being of an offer and an credence are a procedure of dissect the process of agreement to make up one's mind whether an understanding has been created. Common consent of the parties is necessary of an understanding. Without an understanding. contract is impossible. Consideration: another critical component is consideration of the parties related to the contracted topic. Legal consideration makes the parties form a contract. Capacity: Both or all of the parties need to be capable to cover an understanding. Having mental upset. under age etc. do incapacities to organize a contract. Consent: The apprehension would be invalid. if the portion doesn’t come without consent. Consent means willingness of the parties. It might be influenced by several issues. Certainty: It is needed to the topic of the contract be certain. Uncertainty creates ambiguity in the contract. Lawfulness: The topic is of import to come into trade or contract lawfully. Otherwise. it won’t be count as a contract harmonizing to the jurisprudence. LO 1. 2 Impact of different types of contract Bilateral and Unilateral ContractsIf two parties exchange a shared and equal warrant that ensures the executing of a gesture. a committedness or a dealing or turning away from executing of a presentation or a committedness. refering each assemblage included in the understanding. is called as bilateral contract in the facets of jurisprudence. It is besides called as a reversible contract. Unilateral contract is a warrant provided by one and merely assemblage. The offerer who offers. warrants to put to death a certain gesture or a committedness if the offeree who accepts the offer. coincides on executing an act that is seen as a legitimately enforceable contract. It normally asks for an recognition from the other assemblage to acquire the understanding executed. As a consequence. it is an unbalanced contract since merely the offerer is certain to the tribunal of jurisprudence nor the offeree. An of import aim of this type of understanding is that. the offeree can’t be sued for f orbearing. giving up or really pretermiting to put to death his presentation. since he doesn’t warrant anything. If two parties trades a common and mutual promise that implicates the executing of an act. forbearing. abandoning or even neglecting to put to death his act. since he does non assure anything. LO 1. 3 Footings in contracts with mention to their significance and consequence ConditionsA status is an of import affair of capable which is considered as the basic to the chief cause for the formation of understanding. A breach of status qualifies the harmed party for denying the understanding. WARRANTIES Warranty is a less indispensable but ineluctable term. It is count as a must to the understanding as it is non cardinal. A guarantee gives the harmed party the right to claim injuries and the claimed party can’t revoke the understanding. Intermediate Footing It is tough to specify a term suitably earlier clip as either a status or a guarantee. A few issues may include a moderate place. in that the term could be surveyed as the results of a interruption. Sing that a rupture of the term brings about utmost injury. the harmed party will be qualified for haling the understanding where the interruption includes minor bad luck. the harmed party’s remedies will be limited to harm. Undertaking 2LO 2. 1 Application of the elements of contractIn the jurisprudence of contract. the offer and credence is so conventional and important. The rules of offer and credence include a standard offer. credence and correspondence around the two or more parties or people doing the understanding is important. In the given concern scenario. it is noticeable that the illustrations of organizing an understanding is when Mr. John was responded the responsibility of guaranting new Personal computer model. He decided to purchase from â€Å"Best Computers† . and marked a concern concurrency with that organisation for the supply of new machine models. In concern concurrency with Best Computers. the footings and conditions of the understanding were non clear plenty. and Mr. John signed that contract without a spot respect for the all facets of the averment. which created a wretchedness for him and few yearss subsequently when they neglected to provide the machines on clip and most of them were harmed. That happened because of the contractual topics were non checked decently. The offer must be univocal and immediate to an surrogate party to contract. LO 2. 2 Application of the jurisprudence on footings in different contracts The Sale of Goods Act-1979 can be applied in the instance of the instance between Linda Green and the jobber. The act can be applied in the instance in the undermentioned ways: If Linda Green wants a claim under the Sale of Goods Act. she has several possible ways of deciding the issue depending on the fortunes and on what she wants to be done. Well here the rights are against the jobber non the maker as the marketer was apt because of the incorrect supply of merchandise. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 gives the right to the purchaser to acquire replaced. repaired or refunded if the goods are defective and it is returned in the clip as per the jurisprudence provides that is 3-4 hebdomads after purchase depending on the type and nature of the defective merchandise. So Linda Green can reject it and acquire a refund in stipulated clip. The retail merchant must mend or replace defective goods within a sensible clip. If don’t. Linda will be entitled to claim either a decrease on the purchase monetary value or recision. If the retail merchant refuses. so the compensation can be claimed by mendi ng it by person else and roll up the sum at that place of ( Simon and Gillian. 2005 ) . But Linda’s claims end up in tribunal. and so she has to turn out that the mistake was present when she bought the point and it wasn’t the consequence of normal wear and tear. But if it is beyond six months. adept sentiment is required to turn out the faulty merchandise. So given the undermentioned state of affairss. Linda Green can easy win in claiming for the faulty goods. LO 2. 3 Effects of different footingsA proper rating of the effects of different footings is necessary to continue with the contract. Here. a state of affairs was given where some footings are noticeable. The followerss are some of the footings of John’s contract with the Best Computers: The marketer will non transport the hazard for any harm or bad luck occurred by any defect in workstation. Parties are able to call off the petition through a former notice of three yearss without geting any duty for any bad luck. Value paid by clients is non returnable by the organisation at the cancellation of the understanding. These are some indispensable footings included in John’s contract with the Best Computers. The organisation should hold been obligated to vouch the safety of supplying right machines or any available points without any mischievousness. The organisation should hold been responsible to reply for any happening. But conditions should be included in the apprehensio n of the understanding. Making legitimate model of the cancellation of understanding is furthermore imperative throughout the given contract. but doing some footings unnoticed is non lawful. all the footings and conditions involved in an understanding must be good defined and clear plenty. TASK 3 LO 3. 1 Liability in civil wrong with contractual liabilityThere are some important differences exist in between the liability in civil wrong and contractual liability. Some among of them are as: †¢ Contractual duties are volitionally done but Byzantine duties are implemented by jurisprudence. Contractual duties give a free pick to come in in a contractual relationship but Byzantine duties provide no picks.†¢ a individual is apt to pay or owes a responsibility merely to the contracted party but liabilities in civil wrong agencies that a individual is apt to owe responsibility to all as non to slander or intrude other’s belongings.†¢ A historical difference of formation exists in these two. The contractual liability is created from three parts of actions as debt. compact and sumps while the liabilities in civil wrong are derived from the right of trespass.†¢ Usually liability in contract is rigorous and ineluctable one time formed but the Byzantine liability is based on mistake. Any mistake comes into history in the Byzantine liability. It is more similar common for everybody of a certain affair. The liability in civil wrong is ever paid square atten tion while the liability in contract is non at all. LO 3. 2 Nature of liability in carelessness In the given state of affairs. the direction of the organisation is apt for the injuries and hurts caused by the slippy floor of their office and they should besides be considerable adequate to see themselves dependable for the amendss or injuries caused due the mistakes in their merchandises. Rigorous duty is risk without defect. Recollect rigorous hazard is non categorical duty and is deserving researching of the jurisprudence on this zone. As pictured prior that Byzantine duty rotates around duties settled by jurisprudence. While rigorous hazard is a criterion for duty which may be in either by a condemnable or civil connexion. A regulation specifying rigorous duty makes an single lawfully answerable for the injury and bad luck brought on by his or her passages and inadvertences paying small attentiveness to blameworthiness. In the given state of affairs the disposal of Best Computer is answerable for the amendss and lesions brought approximately by the slippery floor of their off ice. and they might every bit good similarly be sufficient to see themselves as reliable for the injuries or amendss initiated due the issues in their points. LO 3. 3 Concept and elements of vicarious liability Vicarious liabilityVicarious liability refers liability for the civil wrongs of others. It arises due to a relationship between the parties. It is a philosophy of English civil wrong jurisprudence that imposes rigorous liability on employers for the errors of their employees. Generally. an employer will be held apt for any civil wrong committed while an employee is carry oning their responsibilities. The vicarious liability commissariats of the statute law are merely applicable where the alleged favoritism and torment occurs in connexion with the person’s employment. This means the employer may be held vicariously apt for the actions of employees if they have non taken all sensible stairss to forestall the favoritism and torment from happening both within the usual work environment and at employer events. such as sponsored seminars. conferences. work maps. Christmas parties. concern or field trips. An employer may be vicariously apt for the behavior of: single employees or groups of employeesmanagers. supervisors or directorsworkplace participantsagentscontract workers or people being paid committeea spouse of a company hassling another spouseLiability of personsThe vicarious liability commissariats of the statute law do non prevent single individuals from being held apt for their ain discriminatory or hassling behaviour in the workplace or in connexion with their employment. It may be that both the employer. who has been found to hold non taken all sensible stairss to forestall the favoritism and torment from happening. and the person. who is the alleged differentiator or harasser. will be held jointly apt for the behaviour. Undertaking 4LO 4. 1 Application of the elements of the civil wrong of carelessness There are several constituents of carelessness that obliges that an pained party illustrates the attach toing four variables. They are: The litigator owed an duty to the offended party The litigator abused that dutyAs a effect of the respondent’s misdemeanor of that duty. the pained party endured harm The harm was a sanely predictable consequence of the litigant’s activity or inactivity In this state of affairs. the artlessness is happened when figure of people slipped at floor of the Best Computer office. In fact. they may every bit good inform the wet floor and show people come ining to their office premises. LO 4. 2 Application of the elements of vicarious liabilityIt is obligatory for the resident of premises to vouch the wellness and security of the persons working at that place. In the given state of affairs it was duty of the Best Computers to vouch that their office premises are sheltered for its specializers. The hazard appropriate in the given state of affairs will be direct liability on the evidences that the disposal is specifically obligated for the lesions created at their premises. DecisionIt is hoped that this study clear up its intents of specifying and showing the contract and footings and conditions of contract. It besides expresses an adequate illustration of carelessness which is a cardinal fact to the contract. Whatsoever. parties involved within an understanding or contract need to hold an well apprehension of contract and carelessness for every twenty-four hours concern traffics which is mentioned in a suited manner in this study. MentionsAndrew Burrows. 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